Perfil sociodemográfico, clínico, complicações e desfecho de pacientes internados com COVID-19 em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva / Sociodemographic and clinical profile, complications and outcome of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in an Intensive Care Unit

Abstract

Abstract

Introduction: COVID-19 is an acute respiratory infection, potentially severe, with high transmissibility and global distribution, whose transmission occurs through direct contact over an infected person, by droplet and aerosol. Admission to an Intensive Care Unit (ICU) is required for patients with respiratory difficulty. Objective: To identify the sociodemographic profile, clinical profile, complications and outcome of patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit with COVID-19. Material and method: Retrospective study with patients of both genders, age over 18 years, admitted to any ICU of the Central Hospital of the Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, from 07/01/2021 to 07/31/2021 diagnosed with COVID-19. Results: Regarding the sociodemographic profile of the 42 medical records analyzed, more than half (61.9%) of these patients were male, followed by 38.1% female. The average age was 54 years, varying from 28 to 90 years. The age group with the highest prevalence was 51 to 60 years old (28.6%), followed by the age group 61 to 70 years old (26.2%). A total of 16.6% were in the age group of 31 to 40 years and 14.3% in the age group of 41 to 50 years. The least affected age group was 71 to 80 years old (7.1%), followed by the age group 21 to 30 years old (4.8%) and finally the age group 81 to 90 years old (2.4%). In relation to the color of the patients, there was a record of 85.7% of patients who were white and 14.3% were brown. The marital status of the patients registered in the medical records identified the vast majority of singles (90.5%), followed by married (7.1%) and divorced (2.4%). The average hospital stay was 15 days, ranging from 2 to 41 days. The average ICU stay was 11 days, ranging from 1 to 33 days. Systemic Arterial Hypertension (SAH) was the most frequent comorbidity (54.8%), followed by Diabetes Mellitus (23.8%) and obesity (11.9%). Of the study sample, 33.3% of patients needed to suffer some surgical procedure, with the majority (85.8%) undergoing tracheostomy, followed by thoracostomy (7.1%) and abscess drainage (7.1%). Regarding the devices used during the ICU stay, the peripheral venous catheter was used in 100.0% of the sample, the enteral probe in 66.7%, the central venous catheter in 64.3%, the tracheal intubation and the catheter indwelling bladders were required in 57.1% of patients and tracheostomy in 28.6% of the sample. The average stay with tracheal intubation was 11 days, with tracheostomy and peripheral venous catheter was 15 days, with central venous catheter, indwelling vesical catheter and enteral tube, the average stay was 13 days each. The use of vasoactive drugs was evidenced in 90.5% of the sample, with an average use time of 12 days. The most frequent complication was pneumonia (38.1%), followed by acute kidney injury (21.4%), deep vein thrombosis (16.7%), pressure injury (11.9%) and pulmonary embolism (9.5%). Of the 42 patients evaluated, 54.8% were discharged from the hospital and 45.2% evolved to death. Conclusions: Males, whites, single, with a middle age of 54 years, hypertensive and diabetic prevailed, who stayed an average of two weeks in the hospital, needed invasive devices, vasoactive drugs, ventilatory support and had a mortality of 45.2%.

Keywords: Health Profile; COVID-19; Intensive Care Units.