Perfil de imunização em pacientes com Doença Inflamatória Intestinal / Immunization profile in patients with inflammatory bowel disease

Abstract

Abstract: Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis are the most common forms of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD's), which are characterized by chronic inflammatory conditions due to inadequate immune activation. Due to the clinical heterogeneity of IBDs, it is imperative to emphasize the peculiarities regarding vaccination in these patients due to immunosuppression resulting from the therapeutic regimens instituted, verifying which vaccines are recommended or contraindicated. Objective: To evaluate the immunization of patients with IBD's and make them, as well as doctors, aware of the importance of complying with the vaccination schedule. Material/Method: Descriptive cross-sectional study prepared from data collection through questionnaires applied during consultations or through phone calls, about the immunization status of patients with IBD, treated at the IBD outpatient clinics, in Hospital philanthropic of Vitória - ES . Proof of vaccination was made directly by the card, by photos of the cards via telephone, or by the patient's medical record. Results: The level of immunosuppression depends on the intensity, duration and type of treatment, directly influencing the vaccine response and the risk and benefit of each vaccine, especially those involving live viruses or live attenuated organisms. On the other hand, vaccines with inactivated organisms should always be administered. In the study, among the immunizers analyzed, it was identified that the one against Human Papilloma Virus had the highest percentage of absence (92%), and the one against Hepatitis B had the highest percentage of complete regimens (84.1%). Conclusion: The main observed causes of incomplete schedules were: lack of medical guidance; absence of immunizations in health centers; and personal negligence, despite being informed about the need for vaccination. Thus, the importance of the doctor-patient relationship was highlighted, as well as the need for health professionals to act in the maintenance of the complete vaccination card, in addition to the patients committing to complete the vaccines. The information obtained will serve as a basis for future research, favoring evidence of immunization in patients with IBD.