Contribuições da ressonância magnética fetal para o estudo das malformações do neuroeixo / Contributions of fetal magnetic resonance to the study of neuroaxis malformations

Abstract

Introduction: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is used in the investigation and monitoring of different types of diseases. The application of MRI for fetal examinations presents relevant differences, which may offer additional information to the ultrasound imaging findings. The evaluation of fetal congenital malformations, especially those that affect the central nervous system, has a great conversion in perinatal mortality. MRI is not a primary modality of diagnostic imaging during prenatal care, however, its use offers a standardized and complementary assessment of fetal health. Objective: To identify the importance and contributions of fetal MRI for the study and analysis of neuraxial malformations. Method: This is a descriptive literature review. Articles were searched in the databases: PubMed, Scielo and Google Scholar, and books available in virtual libraries. Discussion: In general, there is a consensus among health professionals involved in the management of maternal-fetal health regarding the indication of fetal magnetic resonance imaging. MRI will be indicated only after the specialized ultrasound examination has been performed and offers incomplete information about the health condition of the fetus. Therefore, the recommendation for fetal magnetic resonance imaging should have a precise indication, only in cases where confirmation of ultrasonographic findings is necessary or a complex study related to the fetal anatomy is substantial for clinical management. Conclusion: The application of magnetic resonance imaging in the study of fetal pathologies and malformations is relatively recent, but it has already shown positive, relevant and decisive results for clinical management.